Table 8. Costs of wastewater treatment technologies applied in Latin America.

Treatment technology

Construction
(USD capita^-1)

O&M^a
(USD capita^-1 y^-1)

Reference

 GCC^b

 With solar collectors

60.0

5.0

This study

 Without solar collectors

14.0

16.4

This study

 PS + AS

84.0

5.2

Sandino, 2007

 CEPT + AS

79.0

5.7

Sandino, 2007

 CEPT

46.0

4.4

Sandino, 2007

 UASB

17.0

2.0

Schellinkhout and Collazos, 1992

 Constructed wetlands

16.0

0.6

Arias, 2006

 SBR

21.0

2.6

Arias, 2006

 Stabilization pond

12.6

0.6

Arias, 2006

^aO&M: Operational and Maintenance costs. ^bOption 1 (polyethylene vessels) of industrial scale reactor (100 m³) has been considered for comparison.
GCC: Gradual Concentric Chambers reactor; PS: Primary sedimentation; AS: Activated sludge; CEPT: Chemical Enhanced Primary Treatment; UASB: Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed reactor; SBR: Sequential Batch Reactor.