Table 1 - Cold resistance in plants: A mystery unresolved

Table 1. Transcription factors and structural genes as transgenes for anti-freeze engineering.

Gene/Source	Function	Target	Phenotype and effects	Reference
CBF1,CBF3,CBF4/ Arabidopsis	TF	Arabidopsis	Freezing, salt and drought tolerance; constitutive expression of COR genes	Jaglo-Ottosen et al. 1998; Liu et al. 1998; Gilmour et al. 2000; Haake et al. 2002
CBF1,CBF2,CBF3/ Arabidopsis	TF	B. napus	Freezing and drought tolerance; constitutive expression of BN115 and BN28	Jaglo et al. 2001
CBF1/ Arabidopsis	TF	Tomato	Chilling and oxidative stress tolerance; CAT1 activity increase	Hsieh et al. 2002
CBF1/ Arabidopsis	TF	Strawberry	Freezing tolerance	Owens et al. 2002
OsDREB1A/ Rice	TF	Arabidopsis	Drought, salt and freezing tolerance	Dubouzet et al. 2003
TaDREB1/ Wheat	TF	Arabidopsis	Cold, dehydration stress tolerance	Shen et al. 2003
SCOF1/ Soybean	TF	Arabidopsis	Tolerant to chilling and freezing	Kim et al. 2001
ICE1/ Arabidopsis	TF	Arabidopsis	Freezing tolerance	Chinnusamy et al. 2003
FRS1/ Arabidopsis	TF	Arabidopsis	Freezing sensitive	Llorente et al. 2000
HOS2/ Arabidopsis	TF	Arabidopsis	Freezing sensitive	Lee et al. 1999
ESK1/ Arabidopsis	TF	Arabidopsis	Constitutive freezing tolerance	Xin and Browse, 1998
DREB1A/ Arabidopsis	TF	Tobacco	Freezing tolerance	Kasuga et al. 2004
DREB1A/ Arabidopsis	TF	Bread wheat	Freezing tolerance	Pellegrineschi et al. 2004
CAP 160 and CAP 85/Spinach	Dehydrin and Lea-like	Tobacco	Marginal increase of tolerance	Kaye et al. 1998
CuCOR19/Citrus	Lea-like	Tobacco	Freezing tolerance	Hara et al. 2003
WCOR410/Wheat	Dehydrin	Strawberry	Freezing tolerance	Houde et al. 2004
WCS19/Wheat	Dehydrin	Arabidopsis	Freezing tolerance	Ndong et al. 2002
Mn-SOD/ Alfalfa	AOS metabolism	Alfalfa	Modest increase on freezing tolerance	McKersie et al. 1999
Fe-SOD / Alfalfa	AOS metabolism	Alfalfa	Increased winter survival, but no difference in shoot dry-matter yield	McKersie et al. 2000
SbwAFP/Spruce	AFP	Tobacco	Freezing tolerant	Holmberg et al. 2001
Proline dehydrogenase/ Arabidopsis	Amino acid metabolism	Arabidopsis	Enhanced freezing tolerance	Nanjo et al. 1999

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