Table 1. The average concentration of heavy metals and sodium detected in shrimp ponds around Songkhla Lake Basin and Pak Phanang Basin. |
Area |
Sediment (mg/kg) |
Water (mg/L) |
||||||||
Cd |
Pb |
Cu |
Zn |
Na |
Cd |
Pb |
Cu |
Zn |
Na |
|
Pak Phanang |
0.06 ± 0.00 |
13.5 ± 0.00 |
5.00 ± 0.00 |
25.13 ± 0.00 |
1004.63 ± 0.04 |
<0.001 |
0.002 ± 0.00 |
0.004 ± 0.00 |
0.026 ± 0.00 |
21016 ± 17479 |
Hua Sai |
0.10 ± 0.02 |
9.38 ± 4.47 |
14.35±12.31 |
33.49±21.44 |
2134.96 ± 1496.06 |
<0.001 |
<0.005 |
0.003 ± 0.00 |
0.001 ± 0.00 |
43569 ± 37851 |
Ranot |
0.09 ± 0.06 |
8.69 ± 5.06 |
13.16±14.41 |
17.92±12.54 |
1164.75 ± 605.15 |
<0.001 |
<0.005 |
0.009 ± 0.00 |
0.001 ± 0.00 |
29043 ± 904 |
Krasae Sin |
0.13 ± 0.00 |
20.75 ± 0.00 |
8.50 ± 0.00 |
32.25± 0.00 |
364.00± 1.01 |
0.003 ± 0.00 |
<0.005 |
0.03 ± 0.03 |
0.22 ± 0.00 |
5112 ± 1840 |
Sathing Phra |
0.15 ± 0.00 |
22.19±10.69 |
10.19 ± 9.46 |
35.44±13.70 |
1589.5 ± 1706.60 |
0.001± 0.00 |
0.006±0.00 |
0.02 ± 0.02 |
0.14 ± 0.11 |
15524 ± 7751 |
Hat Yai |
0.11 ± 0.12 |
4.59 ± 5.33 |
5.59 ± 7.38 |
12.34±15.04 |
810.15 ± 873.79 |
<0.001 |
<0.005 |
0.006 ± 0.00 |
0.24 ± 0.00 |
28431 ± 12910 |
Pak Phayun |
0.19 ± 0.22 |
19.74 ± 21.59 |
10.22±11.34 |
22.26±24.44 |
1887.50 ± 2033.13 |
<0.001 |
<0.005 |
0.004 ± 0.00 |
0.53 ± 0.59 |
21070 ± 22555 |
Overall |
0.13 ± 0.16 |
13.25 ± 13.48 |
10.15 ± 8.76 |
23.01 ± 16.80 |
1437.12 ± 1060.32 |
0.002 ± 0.00 |
0.004 ± 0.00 |
0.01 ± 0.01 |
0.16 ± 0.38 |
24144 ± 21863 |
Sediment b |
1.5 |
75 |
65 |
200 |
na |
≤ 0.005c |
≤ 0.0085c |
≤ 0.008c |
≤ 0.05c |
na |
Soil d |
≤ 37 |
≤ 400 |
na |
na |
na |
Data
represent mean ± standard deviation. a n= Number of ponds, b HKGS (1998), c Pollution Control Department, (2006), d Pollution
Control Department (2004). |
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