Table
1. Cationic antimicrobial peptides (Modified with permission from
Vizioli and Salzet, 2002). |
Structure
and representative Peptides |
Organism | Antimicrobial activity | References |
Linear
α-helix
peptides Cecropins |
Insects, pig |
Bacteria, fungi, virus, |
Andreu and Rivas, 1998; Putsep et al. 1999; Zasloff, 2002; Vizioli and Salzet, 2003 |
Clavanin, styelin | Tunicates | Bacteria | Zasloff, 2002 |
Megainin, dermaseptin | Amphibians | Bacteria, protozoa | Zasloff, 2002, Vizioli and Salzet, 2003 |
Buforins | Amphibians | Bacteria, fungi | Park et al. 1996, 1998; Zasloff, 2002 |
Pleurocidin | Fish | Bacteria, fungi | Cole et al. 2000 |
Moronecidin | Fish | Bacteria | Lauth et al. 2002 |
Linear peptides amino acid-rich | |||
Pro-rich: | |||
Drosocin, metchnikowins | Fruit fly | Bacteria | Bulet et al. 1999 |
Pyrrhocoricin | Hemipteran | Bacteria, fungi | Bulet et al. 1999 |
metalnikowin | Hemipteran | Bacteria, fungi | Bulet et al. 1999 |
Gly-rich: | |||
Diptericins, attacins | Dipterans | Bacteria | Bulet et al. 1999 |
shepherin I and shepherin II | Plants | Bacteria G- , fungi | Park et al. 2000 |
Ac-AMP1- Ac-AMP2 | Plants | Bacteria G+, fungi | Broekaert et al. 1992 |
His-rich | |||
Histatin | Human | Bacteria, fungi | Andreu and Rivas, 1998; Zasloff, 2002 |
shepherin I and shepherin II | Plants | Bacteria G- , fungi | Park et al. 2000 |
Try-rich | |||
Indolicidin | Cattle | Bacteria | Andreu and Rivas, 1998; Zasloff, 2002 |
Tritrpticin, lactoferrin B, LfcinB4-9 | Eukaryots | Bacteria | Schibli et al. 2002 |
Single disulfide bridge | |||
Thanatin | Hemipteran | Bacteria, fungi | Dimarcq et al. 1998; Bulet et al. 1999; Zasloff, 2002 |
Brevinins | Frog | Bacteria | Andreu and Rivas, 1998; Zasloff, 2002 |
Lanthionins | Bacteria G+ | Bacteria | Hancock, 2000 |
Two disulfide bridges | |||
Tachyplesin II | Horseshoe crab | Bacteria, fungi, virus | Andreu and Rivas, 1998, Dimarq et al. 1998; Zasloff, 2002 |
Androctonin | Scorpion | Bacteria, fungi | Dimarq et al. 1998; Zasloff, 2002 |
Protegrin I | Pig | Bacteria, fungi, virus | Zasloff, 2002 |
Three disulfide bridges | |||
α Defensins | Mammals | Bacteria, fungi | Andreu and Rivas, 1998; Zasloff, 2002 |
β Defensins | Mammals | Bacteria, fungi | Andreu and Rivas, 1998; Zasloff, 2002 |
Defensis | Insects | Bacteria, fungi, protozoa | Dimarq et al. 1998; Bulet et al. 1999; Vizioli and Salzet, 2003 |
Penaeidins | Shrimp | Bacteria, fungi | Dimarq et al. 1998; Bulet et al. 1999; Vizioli and Salzet, 2003 |
More than three disulfide bridges | |||
Tachycitin | Horseshoe crab | Bacteria, fungi | Dimarq et al. 1998 |
Drosomycin | Fruit fly | Fungi | Dimarq et al. 1998 |
Gambicin | Mosquito | Bacteria, fungi, protozoa | Vizioli et al. 2001 |
Heliomicin | Lepidopteran | Bacteria, fungi | Lamberty et al. 2001 |
Plant defensins | |||
defensin protein WT1 | Plants | Fungi | Saitoh et al. 2001 |
alfAFP defensin | Plants | Fungi | Gao et al. 2000 |
cysteine-rich | Plants | Bacteria , fungi | Tailor et al. 1997 |
So-D1-7 | Plants | Bacteria ,fungi | Segura et al.. 1998 |
DmAMP1 | Plants | Fungi | Thevissen et al. 2000 |
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