Figure 1. Illustration of the concept used in a technical compartmentation of different processes used by living machines in an integrated biosystem for the production of (bioenergy, fish, landscape plants) resulting from wastewater treatment and pond water to recharge ground water reserves. "Thus it is also a zero-water discharge technology" (Personal communication -3/7 January, 2004 with E.L. Foo, Chairman, International Organization of Biotechnology and Bioengineering (IOBB), and Co-ordinator of IOBB-Integrated Biosystems Network, Department of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, who provided the picture).

For examples of small and large scale operations (see IBSNET proceedings 1998, 2000). See also "Selected Publications/ Proceedings" in http://www.ias.unu.edu/proceedings/icibs/ibs/ibsnet/.