Figure 4a.Branching chiral organization of Paenibacillus dendritiformis^a.

Figure 4b. A colony of bacteria self-organize into a snow-flake-like shape.

Figure 4c. In extremely hard agar, Paenibacillus vortex bacteria congregate into tight, rotating vortices that cut through the growth medium like a circular saw. The cooperative behavior allows the colony to grow outward; the saw's "teeth" are the dark dots at the end of each branch".

^aReproduced with the permission of Professor Eshel Ben-Jacob, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Israel. All materials are solely for educational purposes and not for commercial gain or profit. For further use contact: eshel@albert.tau.ac.il. Also see Bacterial Art Gallery in http://star.tau.ac.il/~eshel/.