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| Table
1. Biotechnology and culture expressed through the painters' brush. |
| Artist |
Origin |
Title of work |
Remarks |
| Hans Holbein -The Younger (1497-1543) |
German |
The Cheese Burgher | Reawakening of artists to fermentation and its products |
| Johannes Vermeer (1632-1675) |
Dutch |
Dough Kneaders |
|
| Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528) |
German |
Great Piece of Turf, Die BioReaktore
|
Depicts frustrations of fermentation artists and lifelessness of life |
| Aubrey Beardsley (1872-1898) |
British |
The Frontispiece for A Gentleman's Guide to Conversational Art in Slurry Management |
Illustrates concept of aseptic flow and operation |
| Katsushika Hokusai (17601-1849) |
Japanese |
|
Description of the hydrodynamic process |
| Vincent Van Gogh (1853-1890) |
Dutch |
The
Artist's Room in |
Expresses need for automation in fermentation |
| Edvard Munch (1863-1944) |
Norwegian |
Headspace |
Deals with foam control |
| Wassily Kandinsky (1866-1944) |
Russian |
Medium Composition IV (Algal Culture) |
Organisms require different nutrients to thrive under artificial conditions; Uncannily "combines concept of agitation with the undiscovered structure of the helical genetic material" |
| Paul Klee (1879-1940) |
Swiss |
Red Ballon Inflated by CO2 |
Introduces air filtration and baffling; impeller shows production of ribosomal RNA in the nucleolus that was demonstrated 50 years later |
| Lyonel Feininger (1871-1956) |
American |
Many Valves |
Anticipates CAD use in baffler design |
| Alberto Giacometti (1471-1956) |
Swiss |
Kultur Vessel |
Gives outline of a wiry reactor that teems with the intricate life of it contents |
| Henry Moorea (1898-1986) |
British |
Relaxed Cell Mass |
Duality of cell as fermentor and fermentor as cell |
| Piet Mondran (1872-1944) |
Dutch |
Arrangement |
Develops black box and modular concepts of fermentation design |
| Henri Rousseau (1844-1910) |
French |
|
Living rather than the technological aspects of fermentation emphasized |
| Marc Chagall (1887-1985) |
French (Russian born) |
The Brewmaster
|
"Fermentor and technologist become one" |
| Amedeo Modigliani (1884 -1920) |
Italian |
Impella |
Significant contribution to vessel architecture |
| (1904 -1989) |
Spanish |
Autumn Autolysis |
Transition from growth to stationary phases resulting from nutrient depletion in growth medium |
| Juan Miro (1893-1983) |
Spanish |
Steel Life |
"Anticipates, respectively, sterilizable biosensing and plant cell culture" |
| Jackson Pollock (1912-1956) |
American |
Rheology I4 |
Produces a joyous carnival of mycelium and hydro-dynamics |
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