Electronic Journal of Biotechnology
ISSN: 0717-3458 |
Vol. 9 No. 3, Special Issue, 2006 |
© 2006 by Pontificia Universidad Católica
de Valparaíso -- Chile |
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DOI: 10.2225/vol9-issue3-fulltext-4 |
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Morphological
and chemical diversity in the Type IV glandular trichomes of Solananeae
(S. sisymbrifolium and N. glauca) as germplasm resources
for agricultural and food uses
Verónica Cesio
Departamento
de Química Orgánica
Facultad de Química
Universidad de la República
Avda. General Flores 2124
Montevideo, Uruguay
Tel: 924 40 68
Fax: 924 19 06
E-mail: cs@fq.edu.uy
Carmelo
Dutra
Departamento de Química Orgánica
Facultad de Química
Universidad de la República
Avda. General Flores 2124
Montevideo, Uruguay
Tel: 924 40 68
Fax: 924 19 06
E-mail: cdutra@fq.edu.uy
Patrick
Moyna
Departamento de Química Orgánica
Facultad de Química
Universidad de la República
Avda. General Flores 2124
Montevideo, Uruguay
Tel: 924 40 68
Fax: 924 19 06
E-mail: pmoyna@fq.edu.uy
Horacio
Heinzen*
Departamento de Química Orgánica
Facultad de Química
Universidad de la República
Avda. General Flores 2124
Montevideo, Uruguay
Tel: 924 40 68
Fax: 924 19 06
E-mail: heinzen@fq.edu.uy
*Corresponding
author
Financial
support: CSIC Nº203 and CONICYT Nº122.
Keywords:
antifungic activity, interespecies variability, mycotoxins, sugar
esters.
Abbreviations: |
CC:
column chromatography
GC-MS-EI:
gas chromatography - mass spectrometry - electronic impact
MALDI-TOF:
Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight
Ng:
Nicotiana glauca
NMR:
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
SE:
sugar esters
SEM:
Scanning Electron Microscopy
Ss:
Solanum sisymbrifolium
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Morphological variation
in type IV trichomes in Ss and Ng was studied through
SEM. The differences can be related to chemical differences in the
excreted sugar esters. Ng trichomes exude two fractions, one
of glucose tri-esters and the other one of sucrose tetra-esters, in
a 3:7 ratio. The main acid found forming these esthers, is 3-methylvalerianic
acid, in consonance to those secreted by other Solanaceae. Esters
from Ss are novel structures, which can also be separated into
three fractions, two of arabinoxylans, and the other one of arabinose,
all glycosilated with β-hydroxipalmitic acid and
sterified with the C12-C16 acids. All five fractions
have antifungic activity at μg/cm2 concentrations,
both against common and mycotoxigenic fungi, such as A. niger,
A. flavus, P. chrysogenum y P. expansum. A. flavus
does not grow in the presence of the SE of Ss and is not insensible
to those from Ng, but these last are more effective in the
inhibition of P. expansum, the other mycotoxigenic fungi studied.
The differential antifungal activity observed gives the plant protection
against a wide spectrum of fungi, resulting in a better adaptation
to the environment. Both plants are common weeds, with the potential
of contributing to germplams lines in the improvement programmes of
crops such as L. esculentum, and their extracts can be used
as natural fungicides to protect crops and plantations.
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